Proteomic research and diagnosis in bladder cancer: state of the art review

Purpose: Proteomic biomarkers have been emerging as alternative methods to the gold standard procedures of cystoscopy and urine cytology in diagnosis surveillance bladder cancer (BC). This review aims update state art proteomics research BC. Materials Methods: We reviewed current literature related BC on urinary, tissue, blood cell line proteomics, using Pubmed database. Findings: Two urinary protein are FDA-approved (NMP22® BTA® tests), only if performed along with for after initial diagnosis, but not primary diagnostic setting due high false-positive rates case infections, stones hematuria. There a great number non-FDA approved proteins being studied, good preliminary results; panels seem valuable tools be refined ongoing trials. Blood bigger challenge, because complexity serum profile scarcity proteomic studies Previous tissue proteome do correlate well proteome, likely tumor heterogeneity. Cell helps understanding basic mechanisms that drive development progression; main difficulty is culturing low-grade tumors vitro, which represents majority clinical practice. Conclusion: Protein promising value prognostic Urine most appropriate body fluid biomarker its easiness sampling, stability enrichment shed secreted tumor-specific proteins. Panels may exhibit higher sensitivity than single at larger populations Prospective trials warranted validate relevance data management